Email from Alex Cohen: “Rabbi Joshua, I have heard the term ‘metzitzah b’peh’ in a discussion about Jewish rituals but did not understand what it refers to. Can you explain what metzitzah b’peh is?”

Response from Rabbi Joshua

Shalom Alex, your question pertains to a very specific and complex practice within traditional Jewish ritual law. Let’s delve into its meaning and context.

The Ritual of Brit Milah

Metzitzah b’peh is a procedure that is sometimes part of the Brit Milah, the Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony, which is performed on the eighth day of a baby boy’s life. The Brit Milah is a covenant between the Jewish people and God, as originally commanded to Abraham in the book of Bereshit (Genesis).

The Practice of Metzitzah B’Peh

Historically, metzitzah b’peh involved the mohel (the person performing the circumcision) orally suctioning the wound to draw away blood after the removal of the foreskin. This practice is rooted in health concerns from ancient times, intended to clean the area and promote healing.

Health Concerns and Contemporary Practice

In modern times, the practice has become controversial due to potential health risks, including the transmission of herpes simplex virus to the infant, which can be life-threatening. As such, many Jewish communities have abandoned the oral suction in favor of using a sterile pipette or syringe to perform the suction, thus eliminating direct oral contact.

Halachic Debates and Decisions

The halachic (Jewish legal) perspective on metzitzah b’peh varies among different authorities. Some hold that it is a necessary part of the circumcision ritual, while others argue that it is not essential and that the baby’s health is of paramount importance. Major rabbinical authorities have weighed in, with many advocating for alternative methods that uphold both the ritual’s integrity and the child’s safety.

Respecting Diverse Practices

It’s important to recognize that the practice of Brit Milah is observed with great reverence and is a deeply cherished rite in the Jewish community. When discussing practices such as metzitzah b’peh, it is essential to approach the topic with respect for its religious significance and sensitivity to the diverse opinions and practices within Judaism.

Concluding Thoughts

Alex, I hope this explanation provides clarity on the practice of metzitzah b’peh. It is a topic that touches on the intersection of tradition, health, and modernity, and it is handled with great care and deliberation within the Jewish community. May your continued exploration of Jewish practices enrich your understanding of the depth and diversity of Jewish life.

Email from David Stein: “Hello Rabbi Joshua, I’ve come across the term ‘Shomer Negiah’ in my studies, but I’m not quite sure what it entails. Can you explain what Shomer Negiah is, please?”

Response from Rabbi Joshua

Shalom David, thank you for your question. ‘Shomer Negiah’ is indeed a significant concept within Jewish law and tradition, relating to physical contact and personal boundaries.

The Definition of Shomer Negiah

The term ‘Shomer Negiah’ (שומר נגיעה) literally translates to ‘observant of touch.’ It refers to a practice observed by some Orthodox Jews which involves refraining from physical contact with members of the opposite gender who are not immediate family members. This includes, but is not limited to, handshakes, hugs, and casual touches. The root of this practice is found in Leviticus 18:6, which prohibits certain close relations.

The Purpose of Shomer Negiah

The purpose of this practice is to promote modesty and to create a sense of sanctity around intimate relationships. By reserving physical contact for one’s spouse or immediate family, it is believed that one can foster a deeper and more spiritual bond within those relationships. The observance of Shomer Negiah is seen as a fence around the Torah’s laws of forbidden relationships, helping individuals avoid situations that could lead to inappropriate thoughts or actions.

Variations in Practice

It’s important to note that observance of Shomer Negiah can vary widely within the Jewish community. While some may adhere to it strictly, others may interpret the guidelines more leniently. The practice is also influenced by cultural norms, societal interactions, and personal convictions.

Shomer Negiah in Contemporary Society

In contemporary society, where physical contact is common in social and professional settings, those who observe Shomer Negiah may face challenges. It requires sensitivity and sometimes creativity to navigate these social norms while maintaining personal religious observance. Communicating one’s practice in a respectful manner is key to avoiding misunderstandings.

Conclusion and Personal Reflection

David, understanding Shomer Negiah requires an appreciation of the broader values it represents: respect, modesty, and the sanctity of relationships. Whether one chooses to observe this practice or not, it can serve as a catalyst for considering how we define our personal boundaries and how we honor the boundaries of others in our community.

May your exploration of this and other Jewish practices deepen your understanding of the rich tapestry of Jewish life and law. B’hatzlacha in your studies!

Email from Michelle Goldberg: “Hello Rabbi Joshua, I have been invited to a Bar Mitzvah and I want to give a gift that is both respectful of the tradition and cherished by the young man. Can you please suggest the best Bar Mitzvah gifts?”

Response from Rabbi Joshua

Shalom Michelle, it’s wonderful to hear that you are looking to honor this significant rite of passage with a thoughtful gift. The Bar Mitzvah marks a Jewish boy’s entry into religious adulthood, and the gifts given should ideally reflect the significance of this milestone. Here are some suggestions:

Spiritual and Educational Gifts

A classic gift is a set of Jewish sacred texts, such as a beautifully bound Tanakh (Jewish Bible), a Siddur (prayer book), or a Talmud set. These can serve as lifelong resources for study and reflection. For something more personalized, consider a beautifully illustrated book on Jewish history or culture.

Gifts of Jewish Tradition

Items that can be used in the practice of Jewish life are both practical and meaningful. A pair of elegant candlesticks for Shabbat, a Kiddush cup, or a quality set of Tefillin can be deeply appreciated. A Tallit (prayer shawl) is also a traditional gift that the young man will use for many years.

Savings and Monetary Gifts

It is customary to give money in multiples of 18, as the number 18 represents “Chai,” or “Life” in Hebrew. This can be in the form of savings bonds, contributions to a college fund, or simply cash. This not only conveys your wishes for a life of prosperity but also provides practical assistance for future educational endeavors.

Charitable Contributions

Making a donation to a charitable organization on behalf of the Bar Mitzvah boy is a gift of generosity and kindness. Choose a cause that is close to his heart or one that reflects Jewish values of Tzedakah (charity).

Personal and Creative Gifts

If you know the Bar Mitzvah boy well, a gift that aligns with his personal interests or hobbies can be particularly meaningful. Whether it’s something educational, such as a subscription to a science magazine, or something more leisurely, like sports equipment, personalizing your gift shows thoughtfulness.

Concluding Thoughts

Whatever gift you choose, accompanying it with a heartfelt message of congratulations and good wishes for his journey into Jewish adulthood will certainly make it special. Your presence and your thoughtful gift will contribute to a joyous and memorable occasion for the young man and his family.

May your gift bring joy to the Bar Mitzvah boy and serve as a symbol of your support as he steps into this new chapter of his life. Mazel Tov!