Noahidism

Can Noahides Study the Torah?

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an older, wise man studying an ancient book

Question from a Reader:

From: Ethan Martinez
Subject: Studying Torah as a Noahide

Dear Rabbi Joshua,
I’ve recently been exploring the teachings of Judaism and came across the concept of the Noahide Laws. As a Noahide, I am curious to know whether it is permissible for me to study the entire Torah. I found a website suggesting that Noahides should only study parts of the Torah that are relevant to them. However, this limitation doesn’t feel right to me. Can you provide some insight into this matter?
Sincerely,
Ethan

The Permissibility of Torah Study for Noahides

Dear Ethan,

Your question touches on a nuanced and profound aspect of Jewish teaching and tradition. In addressing this, we must first understand the distinction between Jews and Noahides (or B’nei Noach) in the context of Torah study.

The Torah, in its broadest sense, encompasses the entire spectrum of Jewish teaching, law, and narrative, from the Written Torah (the Five Books of Moses) to the Oral Torah (embodied in the Mishna, Talmud, and subsequent rabbinic writings). Traditionally, Jewish law holds that the entire Torah is primarily the inheritance of the Jewish people (Devarim/Deuteronomy 33:4).

However, this does not exclude Noahides from engaging with the Torah. The Noahide Laws, seven universal laws given to the descendants of Noah, form a basic moral framework shared by all humanity. In the Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin 59a, it is discussed how non-Jews may engage in the study of Torah. The sages explain that while non-Jews are certainly encouraged to study the parts of the Torah relevant to the Noahide Laws, extending their study beyond this scope is a matter of debate.

Rabbinic opinion varies on this issue. Some posits that non-Jews should focus solely on the aspects of Torah directly pertaining to the Noahide commandments. This view is rooted in the principle of maintaining a clear distinction between Jewish and Noahide obligations. Others, however, advocate a more inclusive approach, permitting Noahides to study more broadly, recognizing the universal relevance and wisdom contained in the Torah.

It’s important to note that this broader approach doesn’t imply equal obligation or identical religious experience as that of a Jew. The Torah contains commandments and teachings specifically tailored for the Jewish people. Nevertheless, its ethical teachings, narratives, and wisdom are seen as a light unto the nations (Isaiah 42:6), offering moral guidance and spiritual insight to all.

So, in conclusion, while there is a traditional emphasis on Noahides focusing their study on aspects of the Torah relevant to the Noahide Laws, a more expansive study is not necessarily prohibited, especially if it is done with the guidance of knowledgeable Jewish scholars or teachers. This approach aligns with the spirit of the Torah as a source of wisdom and ethical guidance for all humanity.

In your journey of Torah study, I encourage you to explore these teachings with humility and respect for their sacred origins and context. May your study enrich your understanding and bring you closer to the universal truths that the Torah imparts to us all.

Shalom and blessings,
Rabbi Joshua

Noahidism

What Were the Names of Noah’s Daughters?

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Email from a reader: “Dear Rabbi Joshua, I am curious about the family of Noah as described in the Torah. Were the names of Noah’s daughters mentioned, and if so, what were they? Thanks, Emily Davis”

Dear Emily,

Your question about Noah’s daughters touches upon the details of Noah’s family as presented in the Torah. Let’s delve into this topic.

Noah’s Family in the Torah:

The Torah provides specific information about Noah’s immediate family, especially in the context of the narrative of the Great Flood. In these accounts, Noah’s sons are mentioned by name; they are Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

Noah’s Daughters:

Contrary to popular belief, the Torah does not mention any daughters of Noah. The narrative focuses on Noah, his wife, his three sons, and their wives. Genesis 6:18 states: “But with thee will I establish my covenant; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons’ wives with thee.” This verse highlights the individuals who were present with Noah in the ark.

Understanding the Absence of Mention:

The absence of named daughters in Noah’s story is not unusual in the context of the Torah’s narrative style, which often emphasizes certain family members for theological or narrative purposes. In the case of Noah, the focus is on the lineage through his sons, which is significant in the post-flood repopulation and dispersion of humanity.

Later Traditions and Interpretations:

It’s worth noting that later Jewish and non-Jewish traditions, as well as various interpretations and midrashim, have explored the broader family dynamics of biblical figures, including Noah. However, these are not based on the Torah text but rather on later elaborations and cultural narratives.

Conclusion:

Emily, in conclusion, the Torah does not provide names or specific information about Noah’s daughters, focusing instead on his sons and their wives. This narrative choice reflects the Torah’s emphasis on the lineage and covenantal relationships that are central to its message and themes.

Warm regards,

Rabbi Joshua

Judaism, Noahidism

Astrology in Noahism: A Jewish Viewpoint

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Question from a Reader:

Dear Rabbi Joshua,

I’ve been contemplating the place of astrology in Noahism. Is it forbidden to research astrological signs like Scorpio, Taurus, etc., and think about personality traits and compatibilities? Also, are we forbidden from reading our horoscopes in newspapers and such? I’ve avoided astrology for over 20 years, advising others to do the same, under the belief that it was “pagan”.

Sincerely,
Michael

Response from Rabbi Joshua

Dear Michael,

Thank you for your thoughtful inquiry. The question of astrology in the context of Noahism is indeed a nuanced one. As someone deeply committed to the teachings of Judaism, my response is rooted in our sacred texts and traditions.

Firstly, it’s important to distinguish between ‘astrology’ as a cultural or psychological phenomenon and ‘astrology’ as a divinatory practice. The Torah, in Deuteronomy 18:10-12, explicitly forbids divination, a category under which astrology as a means of foretelling the future or influencing one’s destiny would fall. This prohibition is echoed in the Talmud (Shabbat 156a), where reliance on astrological signs is discouraged, emphasizing that ‘ein mazal l’Yisrael’ (ישראל מזל אין) – Israel is not subject to astrological constellations.

In the context of Noahism – the universal moral and ethical code for non-Jews derived from the Seven Laws of Noah – the prohibition against idolatry and divination applies. Delving into astrology with the belief that celestial bodies control or predict human fate contradicts the fundamental Jewish belief in free will and divine providence. Thus, from a traditional Jewish perspective, relying on astrology for predictions or guidance in life decisions would be considered inappropriate.

However, when it comes to a casual or cultural interest in astrology – such as reading about personality traits associated with astrological signs – the stance is more lenient, provided it is not taken as a serious determinant of one’s behavior or future. It is key to maintain a clear distinction between interest and belief. The moment astrology crosses over into the realm of belief or influences decisions, it veers towards the forbidden.

Regarding reading horoscopes for entertainment or curiosity, as long as one does not give them credence or allow them to dictate life choices, it falls into a gray area. It’s crucial, however, to remain vigilant about not letting such practices diminish one’s faith in God’s sovereignty and the primacy of personal choice and moral responsibility.

In conclusion, while a casual interest in astrology as a cultural phenomenon may not be strictly forbidden in Noahism, any serious reliance on or belief in astrology as a determinant of one’s fate or actions is not in harmony with Jewish teachings. As always, the emphasis should be on personal accountability, moral decision-making, and faith in divine guidance.

May your journey be guided by wisdom and light.

Shalom,

Rabbi Joshua

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