Email from a reader: “Dear Rabbi Joshua, I’m interested in the Noahide Laws and have a question regarding the Torah. Is there a specific place in the Torah that states Noahides cannot learn Torah? Looking forward to your guidance. Sincerely, John Williams”

Dear John,

Your inquiry touches on an important aspect of Jewish law and its interpretation concerning the rights of Noahides to engage in Torah study. Let’s examine this matter more closely.

Direct References in the Torah:

Firstly, it’s important to note that the Torah itself does not explicitly address the issue of whether Noahides can or cannot learn the Torah. The Torah, particularly in its written form, does not provide direct guidance on this specific question. The Noahide Laws, as outlined in the Torah (specifically in the book of Genesis), focus more on general ethical and moral commandments.

Talmudic Interpretation:

The discussion about whether Noahides are permitted to study the Torah primarily comes from Talmudic interpretation and rabbinic literature. In the Talmud, there are discussions about the appropriateness of non-Jews engaging in Torah study, specifically regarding the commandments that are not part of the Seven Noahide Laws.

One reference often cited is from the Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin 59a, which discusses the idea that a non-Jew who studies the Torah is akin to a high priest. This statement has been interpreted in various ways, with some understanding it as a restriction on Torah study by non-Jews, while others interpret it more positively, suggesting that non-Jews who study parts of the Torah relevant to the Noahide Laws are highly esteemed.

Contemporary Perspectives:

In contemporary Jewish thought, there is a range of opinions on this matter. Many rabbis and scholars encourage Noahides to study parts of the Torah and Jewish writings that are relevant to the Noahide Laws and ethical living. The emphasis is on the study of topics that enhance one’s understanding of universal ethical principles and the Noahide commandments.

There is generally an understanding that Noahides should focus on the aspects of the Torah and Jewish teachings that are applicable to them, rather than the commandments specifically given to the Jewish people.

Conclusion:

John, while the Torah does not explicitly state that Noahides cannot learn Torah, the discussion around this topic in Jewish tradition is nuanced and varies among different authorities. The contemporary approach often encourages the study of the Torah in areas relevant to the Noahide Laws and universal ethics.

Warm regards,

Rabbi Joshua

Email from a reader: “Dear Rabbi Joshua, In the context of Judaism, are Jews required to love gentiles in foreign lands who obey the Noahide Laws? I am keen to understand the Jewish stance on this matter. Thank you, Mike”

Dear Mike,

Your question touches on the broader themes of love, respect, and the ethical treatment of others in Jewish thought. Let us explore the Jewish perspective on this significant subject.

Jewish Teachings on Love and Respect:

In Judaism, the commandment to love others is a fundamental principle. Leviticus 19:18 instructs, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” which is a cornerstone of Jewish ethics. This commandment is generally understood to apply to all people, not just fellow Jews.

Furthermore, the Torah emphasizes the importance of treating non-Jews with fairness and respect. In Exodus 22:21 and Leviticus 19:34, for instance, there are explicit commands not to wrong or oppress a stranger, for the Israelites were strangers in the land of Egypt.

Regarding Gentiles Who Obey the Noahide Laws:

Gentiles who adhere to the Noahide Laws demonstrate a commitment to ethical and moral living in line with principles valued in Judaism. Jewish tradition respects and honors this commitment. While the specific commandment to “love your neighbor” was initially understood within the context of the Jewish community, the broader ethical teachings of Judaism advocate for respect, kindness, and fair treatment of all people, including gentiles who observe the Noahide Laws.

The respect for those who follow the Noahide Laws is not merely a tolerance of different practices but an acknowledgment of shared values and a pursuit of righteousness and ethical behavior.

Practical Implications:

In practical terms, this means fostering positive relationships, engaging in acts of kindness, and showing respect towards gentiles who live by these ethical standards. It’s a recognition of the common pursuit of a just and moral society, transcending geographical and religious boundaries.

Mike, in conclusion, while the commandment to love is deeply rooted in the Jewish relationship with fellow Jews, the principles of love, respect, and kindness extend to all who uphold moral and ethical values, including gentiles who obey the Noahide Laws. This approach is consistent with Judaism’s universal call for justice, peace, and ethical conduct among all people.

Warm regards,

Rabbi Joshua