‘Shabbat’ or ‘Shabbos’: Understanding the Variations

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Question from a Reader

Dear Rabbi Joshua,

I’ve heard both ‘Shabbat’ and ‘Shabbos’ used to refer to the Jewish Sabbath. What is the difference between these terms, and is one more correct than the other?

Kindly,
Jason Goldberg

The Origins of ‘Shabbat’ and ‘Shabbos’

Dear Jason,

Your question highlights a fascinating aspect of Jewish linguistic diversity. ‘Shabbat’ (שבת) and ‘Shabbos’ are essentially the same word, pronounced differently in two distinct Jewish traditions.

‘Shabbat’ is the Hebrew term, originating from the biblical commandment to observe the seventh day as a day of rest (Exodus 20:8-11). This term is widely used in Modern Hebrew and among many Jewish communities around the world.

‘Shabbos’ in Ashkenazi Tradition

‘Shabbos,’ on the other hand, is the Yiddish pronunciation, commonly used in Ashkenazi Jewish communities, particularly those from Central and Eastern Europe. Yiddish, a language developed over centuries in Europe, incorporates elements of German, Hebrew, and other languages, reflecting the diverse cultural influences on Ashkenazi Jews.

Cultural and Regional Variations

The choice between ‘Shabbat’ and ‘Shabbos’ often reflects cultural or familial heritage. In Israel and many Sephardic communities, ‘Shabbat’ is predominantly used. In contrast, Ashkenazi communities, especially those in the United States and Europe, may prefer ‘Shabbos.’

Linguistic Evolution and Personal Preference

These variations are a testament to the rich tapestry of Jewish history and the evolution of language across different geographies and cultures. Neither term is more correct than the other; rather, each carries its own historical and cultural significance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, whether one says ‘Shabbat’ or ‘Shabbos,’ the essence of the word remains the same: it is a day of rest, reflection, and spiritual rejuvenation, central to Jewish life and practice.

Embrace the term that resonates with your heritage and understanding.

Shalom,

Rabbi Joshua

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Understanding Kosher Laws: Are Oysters Permissible?

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Question from a Reader

Dear Rabbi Joshua,

I’ve always been curious about kosher dietary laws, particularly regarding seafood. Are oysters considered kosher?

Kind regards,
Michael Thompson

Kosher Dietary Laws and Seafood

Dear Michael,

Your question addresses a crucial aspect of kashrut, the Jewish dietary laws. To understand whether oysters are kosher, it is essential to delve into the guidelines set forth by these laws.

According to Leviticus (ויקרא) 11:9-12, for sea creatures to be considered kosher, they must have fins and scales. This rule is the primary determinant for the kosher status of all seafood.

Oysters in Jewish Dietary Law

Based on this definition, oysters, along with other shellfish, do not meet the kosher criteria as they lack both fins and scales. Therefore, oysters are not kosher. This prohibition is not just limited to consumption but extends to any benefit derived from these non-kosher creatures.

Cultural and Health Considerations

Beyond religious law, the exclusion of shellfish from the kosher diet can also be seen through cultural and historical lenses. In ancient times, shellfish were associated with foodborne illnesses, making their prohibition practical for health reasons as well.

Significance of Kosher Observance

Observing kashrut is not merely about dietary restrictions; it’s a way of sanctifying the act of eating, making it a mindful and spiritual practice. It’s a commitment that connects Jews to their heritage and religious identity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, oysters are not kosher as per Jewish dietary laws. The laws of kashrut are comprehensive, extending beyond a simple list of permissible foods and involving deep spiritual and cultural significance.

May your exploration of kosher laws lead you to a deeper understanding of Jewish tradition.

Shalom,

Rabbi Joshua

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Exploring Noahide Ancestry and Prophecy

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“Dear Rabbi Joshua,
I’m interested in understanding my connection to the 70 families mentioned in the Torah and identifying my ancestral lineage. My last name is Ashkenazic and I have Germanic descent on my father’s side, while my mother’s descent is unknown due to her adoption. How can I trace my lineage, and how would I recognize a Noahide prophet? I am eager to explore the path that was meant for me.
Sincerely,
Jonathan Schmidt”

The Seventy Nations and Noahide Laws

Dear Jonathan, your inquiry delves into the rich tapestry of human lineage and spiritual heritage as depicted in Jewish tradition. According to the Torah, humanity diversified into 70 nations descending from the sons of Noah (Genesis 10). These nations are bound by the Seven Noahide Laws, universal moral principles given by G-d for all humanity.

Identifying Your Ancestral Family

Your Ashkenazic surname suggests an origin within the Jewish diaspora of Central and Eastern Europe, traditionally associated with the descendants of Japheth, one of Noah’s sons. However, tracing your maternal lineage might be more complex due to your mother’s adoption. In Jewish tradition, lineage is matrilineal, but understanding your broader Noahide heritage would involve considering both biological and adoptive lineages, and recognizing the influences of both in your identity.

Disappearance and Continuity of the 70 Nations

While some ancient peoples, like the Canaanites, have seemingly vanished, their genetic and cultural legacies often persist in the populations that succeeded them. The concept of 70 nations is more symbolic, representing the diversity of humanity rather than a fixed number of distinct groups. This diversity continues to evolve over time.

Noahide Prophets and Recognizing Prophecy

The concept of Noahide prophets, or prophets sent to non-Jewish nations, is a fascinating aspect of Jewish tradition. Prophets in this context were individuals chosen by G-d to guide their people in moral and spiritual matters. Recognizing a prophet is complex; traditionally, it involves a combination of moral integrity, performing verifiable miracles, and delivering consistent messages that align with existing Divine commandments.

Exploring Your Spiritual Path

To study the path of the 70 nations and find the one meant for you, consider a journey through both historical study and spiritual exploration. Engaging with Jewish and Noahide teachings, understanding the historical movements of peoples, and reflecting on your personal and familial history can offer insights into your spiritual heritage and path.

May your journey be enlightening and fulfilling, as you explore the rich mosaic of humanity’s spiritual ancestry.
Shalom,
Rabbi Joshua

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